Content
Main scientific results
PROBLEM I: SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF RADIATION SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES IN NATURE
1. In the territories of Jabrayil, Agdam and Tarter regions liberated from occupation, it was determined that there were residues of 4.4' DDT and its decomposition products 4.4' DDE and 4.4' DDD on the surface of the soil, despite the fact that more than 29 years had passed since the last use of pesticides. The highest concentration is observed in the soil sample taken from the territory of Agdam region (4.4 DDE -143,748 µg/kg and 4.4 DDT - 7,553 µg/kg, respectively) During the occupation, it was found that the environment was polluted with heavy metals as a result of illegal mining activities in Zangilan region.
2. The concentration of radon in the water was determined in the Istisu area of Kalbajar region, which was liberated from occupation. The concentration of radioactive radon in the thermal waters of the newly dug artesian well near the "Ashagi Istisu" area is below the permissible limit. The concentration of radioactive radon in the cold and thermal waters in the village of Bagirsagh is 100 times higher than YVH in the western foothills of the Dalidag mountain range, and these waters are unfit for drinking. The value of radioactive background in this area is 15 times higher than YVH.
3. Paramagnetic centers have been studied in the leaves of some tree plants of the liberated areas. Based on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies, it has been known that environmental pollution causes the magnetization effect in plants.
4. After 100-200 Gy irradiation of seeds from autumn Tarter and Guneshli wheat varieties, treatment with 0,1; 0,01; 0.001% solutions of zinc hypoxanthine-9-riboside complex accelerated the biosynthesis of pigments in sprouts, and as a result, productivity increased by 14-15% in Tarter wheat variety and 18-20% in the Juneshli variety.
5. Treatment of seeds with γ-rays in doses of 5-10 Gy before sowing allows to grow samples with higher yield, high fiber yield, long-staple and higher mass of cotton in the boll.
PROBLEM II: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OCCURRING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RAYS IN SEMICONDUCTOR, POLYMER, DIELECTRIC NANO-SYSTEMS, TARGETED CONTROL OF THEIR PROPERTIES, INCREASE OF RADIATION RESISTANCE AND PREPARATION OF IONIZING RADIATION RECEIVERS
1. In the TlSe1-xSx solid solution, a radiation-stimulated transition to the superionic phase was observed. It has been shown that the feature observed in the dependence of the impedance hodograph Z//(Z/) of the TlSe1-xSx solid solution in the low frequency region is related to the presence of both capacitance polarization near the electrode and polarization resistance as a result of charge accumulation in the electric double layer region. The resulting output models the linear diffusion impedance known as the Warburg diffuse impedance obtained by gamma irradiation.
2. The compound TlInS2<10%C> with monocrystalline structure was investigated by the method of impedance spectroscopy, it was determined that the conductivity at a temperature higher than room temperature is mainly ionic in nature and depends on the radiation dose. Thus, the share of ions in electrical conductivity before irradiation is 63%, and after 200-800 kGy irradiation, it is 79%. The values of the activation energies with the increase of the dose received values equal to ∆Еa1 = 0.54 eV, ∆Еa2 = 0.32 eV, ∆Еa3 = 0.22 eV. The stimulatory effect of radiation on ion conductivity is due to breaking of interatomic bonds and Tl+ ions playing a key role in ion conductivity.
3. The electrical, optical and photoelectric properties of 1-5 μm thick GaS thin films obtained by thermal evaporation were modified by the influence of gamma quanta, and it was determined that the resistance to radiation increased as a result of the restoration of bonds (Ga-S, Ga-Ga, S-S) broken due to radiation defects in the thermally infused amorphous layers at doses below the critical dose. It has been shown that these radiation-modified materials can be successfully used in solar panels as photoconverters.
4. The effect of temperature and radiation on the structure and electrophysical parameters of PVDF/nano-Fe3O4, YSPE/nano-Fe3O4 and PVS/nano-Fe3O4 composites was studied with modern analysis methods (SAXS, XRD, FTIR, DCK, TGA) in order to obtain extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave absorbers. It was determined that the irradiation of composites in the dose interval of 50-300 kGy changes the values of electrophysical parameters (ε, tgδ və ρ) very little, which indicates that the composites are more resistant to g-irradiation. The nanofiller increases the thermal stability of the composite by ~30K compared to the matrix.
5. A comparative analysis of the temperature dependences [lgρ=f(1/T)] of the specific resistance ρ of the original PVS, irradiated PVS and PVS/CdS nanocomposites shows that their temperature stability increases by ~20-22K compared to the irradiated polymer and ~40K compared to the initial polymer due to the decrease in the mobility of the polymer chains due to the decrease in the mobility of the polymer chains due to the reduction of the mobility of the polymer chains in the nanocomposites formed in 5 and 10 cycles and processed at a dose of 200 kGy. The increase in temperature stability of PVS/CdS nanocomposites can be evaluated as a considerable improvement of their operational characteristics as electrotechnical materials.
6. As a result of the study of the effect of polymer-based plasticizers on the technological properties of isoprene and BNK elastomers, it was determined that the mechanical dissolution process improves when using polymer-oil-based plasticizers obtained by the radiation-chemical method, during the vulcanization process, it leads to an increase in the number of (C-C, C-S-C) connections, the density of the chain network and the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of elastomeric composites, resistance to aggressive liquid environment increases. The obtained results are of practical importance and can be recommended to reduce the friction in the movement of gears in machine-building, automobile and railway transport.
7. The parameters of the newly developed deep-pixel MSFD-3NM-2 selvari photodiodes have been studied and shown to improve the amplification factor by 2.5 times, the extreme voltage range by ~ 42%, and the photon recording efficiency by 40% compared to the previous analog (MSFD-3NM-1) at the optimal operating voltage. Based on the obtained results, the possibility of developing scintillator gamma spectrometers based on the newly developed MSFD-3NM-2 photodiodes was shown.
PROBLEM III: RADIATION NANO-CATALYTIC CONVERSIONS OF HYDROCARBONS AND WATER, APPLICATION OF RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES TO THE SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ATOMIC HYDROGEN ENERGY
1. In radiation-stimulated polymerization processes in olefin-containing liquid binary systems, the share of the post-radiation effect that occurs 5000 hours after the cessation of radiation increases by 15-20%, depending on the initial concentration and dose of the olefin.
2. The process of obtaining hydrogen and olefins from oil fractions by radiation-thermal effect was studied and it was shown that under optimal conditions the activation energy decreases from 150 kJ/mol to 20 kJ/mol, which allowed the temperature of the process to decrease to 350 degrees and thus reduce carbon emissions by 200 kg per ton of raw material. Carbon emission is reduced to zero in case of heat energy purchase from alternative energy sources.
3. Nano - Al2O3 included in the water environment containing toxic components(PXB), the pH index, which characterizes the transformations with the increase of the absorbed dose during the radiolysis process, decreases from 5.3 to 3.9 at a dose of 140 kGy, and the OCT parameter decreases from 1266 mg/l to 182 mg/l.
4. In the presence of nano-ZrO2, radiation-catalytic methods of obtaining practically important light hydrocarbon-gas (C2 -C4) fraction from hexane and hydrogen, which is a universal energy carrier with additional high yield, have been developed. It was determined that the radiation-chemical output of hydrogen increased more than 4-7 (G(H2)=19.6÷36.4 molecules/100eV) times in the interval T=373÷473K, and G(CxHy)~1.4 times for hydrocarbons compared to the homogeneous phase (G(H2 )=5,3 molekul/100eV).
5. It was determined that the surface activity of the catalysts initially processed by electrical discharge in an oxygen environment is higher than that of conventional catalysts at the values of the absorbed dose D≤141 kGy. Thus, according to thermoluminescence and thermophysical analyses, the intensity of the surface effect increases by 3.2 times, the volume of surface sorption increases by 1.6 times, and the volume of the product formed in the liquid phase during hydrocarbon conversion processes increases by 1.6 times.
PROBLEM IV: PROCUREMENT OF ENERGY CARRIERS, DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN PRODUCTION AND HOUSEHOLD ENERGY SUPPLY
1. As a result of the statistical research conducted on the liberated territories, the technical indicators of obtaining hydrogen and hydrogen-containing gases from biomass in the solar-thermal heliogas generator were calculated. It has been shown that 1,2 million tons of biomass can be gasified to obtain H2 and H2-containing gas at the expense of 6.4 million kWh of heat energy per thousand square meters per year, and up to 33% of the energy potential of this fuel belongs to solar energy. In this process, CO2 emissions are reduced by up to 3000 tons.
2. The possibility of obtaining high-calorie gas (H2, CH4, CO) mixtures with the influence of solar energy on biomass has been studied. Since biomass and solar energy are both environmentally friendly sources and result in high calorific gas (H2, CH4, CO), this method has been shown to be more economically efficient. Due to the high lignin content of biomass, it is energy intensive, and the residue in the form of ash can be used as fertilizer.